#487 – Irving Finkel: Deciphering Secrets of Ancient Civilizations & Flood Myths

Irving Finkel, a scholar of ancient languages and curator at the British Museum, discusses the origins and evolution of writing, particularly cuneiform, which emerged around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. He explains how early writing began with clay used for construction and evolved into a system of symbols representing sounds, facilitating communication. The transition from pictographs to more complex forms of writing marked a significant advancement in recording language. Cuneiform, with its wedge-shaped signs, was durable and aesthetically pleasing, leading to the development of early lexicography for standardization.

Finkel highlights the importance of various literary genres in ancient Mesopotamia, including magic and medicine, and notes that many clay tablets remain buried, awaiting excavation. He challenges the traditional view that pictographs preceded sound-based writing, suggesting that a flexible sound-based system may have existed earlier. The conversation also references Göbekli Tepe, where a stone with hieroglyphic signs was found, indicating that writing could have been used for trade as early as 9,000 BC.

The discussion touches on the complexities of deciphering ancient languages, comparing it to detective work. Finkel emphasizes that existing cuneiform tablets represent only a fraction of human history and critiques the notion that current knowledge is exhaustive. He explains that cuneiform is a syllabic writing system, contrasting it with the English alphabet, and discusses the challenges of learning it, particularly the need to understand both Sumerian and Babylonian.

Finkel reflects on the role of storytelling in ancient cultures, particularly in the context of the *Epic of Gilgamesh*, which explores themes of humanity and immortality. He discusses the Ark tablet, which contains a flood narrative predating the biblical account of Noah, suggesting literary interdependence among these stories. The conversation highlights the significance of flood myths in Mesopotamian culture, speculating on their origins and the historical context of such narratives.

The podcast also explores the cultural intermingling between the Judeans and Babylonians, noting how Babylonian ideas influenced Jewish philosophical traditions. The discussion raises questions about the historical reality of Noah's Ark, suggesting it may be a literary construct. Finkel critiques modern interpretations of ancient narratives and emphasizes the importance of accurate storytelling.

The conversation shifts to the ancient royal game of Ur, highlighting its significance in Sumerian culture and its enduring appeal. Finkel reflects on the emotional engagement of players and the cultural significance of traditional board games. He critiques modern communication methods, suggesting they hinder language development and understanding.

Finkel emphasizes the wisdom of ancient civilizations, particularly in astronomy, and critiques modern technology's impact on humanity. He discusses the richness of the English language and the importance of vocabulary in shaping thought. The conversation concludes with reflections on the complexities of being human and the enduring significance of language and storytelling.