EP 141 Ben Lamm (Founder & CEO, Colossal Biosciences) On The Breakthroughs Making De-Extinction Actually Possible

Colossal, founded by Ben Lamm in 2021, is pioneering de-extinction and species preservation through genetic engineering and computational biology. The company has raised $435 million and aims to open-source technology for conservation. Lamm collaborates with experts like George Church to explore projects such as bringing back the mammoth and recently announced the de-extinction of dire wolves, creating three specimens. This process involves recovering DNA from fossils, which is complicated by environmental factors, and requires significant genome coverage for successful assembly.

Colossal focuses on functional de-extinction, modifying the DNA of living species, like the gray wolf, to replicate traits of extinct species rather than cloning. Lamm emphasizes transparency in their methods and the challenges of cloning due to the absence of viable cells from extinct species. He discusses the complexities of species classification and the need for a nuanced understanding of extinction, arguing that speciation is a human construct.

The company employs advanced genetic editing techniques, achieving high efficiency in creating genetically modified organisms, such as the woolly mouse and dire wolf. Their research involves collaboration with experts and utilizes comparative genomics to ensure the safety and viability of genetic modifications. Lamm highlights the unpredictability of biological outcomes and the importance of precision in genetic engineering, particularly in the context of developing embryos for de-extinction efforts.

Colossal's flagship projects include the Mammoth, Thylacine, and Dodo, aimed at rewilding and ecosystem restoration. The company is also exploring innovative methods for breeding endangered species and enhancing genetic diversity. Lamm contrasts preservation with de-extinction, advocating for a systematic, community-inclusive approach to rewilding, citing successful examples like the Yellowstone wolf rewilding.

The conversation touches on the economic potential of biodiversity credits and the importance of integrating eco-tourism with conservation efforts. Lamm discusses the challenges of public perception regarding de-extinction, particularly with the Direwolf project, and emphasizes the need for education over sensationalism in shaping public understanding.

Lamm proposes a nationalized bio vault program for species conservation and stresses the necessity of the Endangered Species Act. He acknowledges the complexities surrounding genetic modifications and advocates for humane alternatives in agriculture, such as developing cows that do not emit methane. The discussion highlights the need for increased funding in conservation and the commitment to open-sourcing resources to benefit the community, while addressing ethical concerns surrounding genetic modification.